Ni ubuhe buryo bwa shimi bwa grafite?

Graphite, formulaire ya molekuline: C, uburemere bwa molekuline: 12.01, nuburyo bwa karubone yibintu, buri atome ya karubone ihujwe nandi atome atatu ya karubone (itondekanye muri hexagons yubuki) kugirango ikore molekile ya covalent.Kuberako buri atome ya karubone isohora electron, izishobora kugenda mubuntu, grafite rero nuyobora.

Graphite ni imwe mu myunyu ngugu yoroshye, kandi mu mikoreshereze yayo harimo gukora ikaramu iyobora hamwe n'amavuta.Carbone nikintu kitari icyuma giherereye mucyiciro cya kabiri IVA itsinda ryameza yigihe.Graphite ikorwa mubushyuhe bwinshi.

Graphite ni imyunyu ngugu ya kristaline yibintu bya karubone, kandi lattice yayo ya kristalline ni imiterere ya mpande esheshatu.Intera iri hagati ya meshi ni 3.35A, naho intera ya atome ya karubone murwego rumwe ni 1.42A.Nuburyo butandatu bwa sisitemu ya sisitemu hamwe na clavage yuzuye.Ubuso bwa clavage nubusabane bwa molekile, ntibukurura molekile, kubwibyo kureremba kwarwo ni byiza cyane.

Muri kristu ya grafite, atome ya karubone murwego rumwe ikora isano ya covalent hamwe na sp2 ivanga, kandi buri atome ya karubone ihujwe nandi atome atatu mumirongo itatu ya covalent.Atome esheshatu za karubone zigizwe nimpeta esheshatu zikomeza mu ndege imwe, zigera mu miterere ya lamella, aho uburebure bw’imigozi ya CC ari 142pm, bikaba biri mu burebure bw’uburebure bwa kirimbuzi ya atome, ku buryo bumwe , ni kirisiti ya atome.Atome ya karubone mu ndege imwe ifite p orbit imwe, iruzuzanya.Electron irasa nubuntu, ihwanye na electron yubusa mubyuma, grafite rero irashobora kuyobora ubushyuhe n amashanyarazi, ibyo bikaba biranga kristu.Rero na none yashyizwe mubikorwa bya kristu.

Igice cyo hagati cya grafite kristu yatandukanijwe na 335pm, kandi intera nini.Ihujwe nimbaraga za van der Waals, ni ukuvuga, urwego ni urwa molekile ya kirisiti.Nyamara, kubera ko guhuza atome ya karubone murwego rumwe rwindege birakomeye kandi bigoye cyane kurimbura, aho isenyuka rya grafite naryo rirerire cyane kandi imiterere yimiti irahagaze.

Urebye uburyo bwihariye bwo guhuza, ntibishobora gufatwa nka kristu imwe cyangwa polikristal imwe, grafite ubu ifatwa nkibivanze na kristu.